Key reference
Every key, and every form it makes
The typing reference for Ezra: the seven orders each consonant takes, the bracket keys that reach the second letter of a pair, the Ge’ez numerals and the punctuation. If you can already type Amharic by sound you will not need most of this — it is here for the letters nobody types often enough to remember.
ፊደል
The rule the whole layout follows
Type a consonant and you get its first order. Type a vowel after it and the vowel chooses a different one, rewriting the character already on screen rather than adding to it. The sixth order — the bare consonant sound, the most common form in the language — is the one that needs a key of its own, and that key is e.
Here is ሰ in all seven orders. Every consonant in the fidel behaves the same way, which is the whole of the system.
- ሰs
- ሱsu
- ሲsi
- ሳsa
- ሴsy
- ስse
- ሶso
The same seven forms, animated, are on the main page.
The bracket key
Amharic writes several sounds more than one way — ሀ, ሐ and ኀ are all read the same, and so are ሰ and ሠ. A [ after a consonant reaches a second letter related to it. There are five, and each takes the same seven vowel orders as any other consonant.
| Type | Gives |
|---|---|
| h[ | ኀ |
| H[ | ኸ |
| s[ | ሠ |
| t[ | ጸ |
| T[ | ፀ |
5 keys, read at build time from the keyboard’s own layout file.
Ge'ez numerals
The Ethiopic numerals are separate characters from the Arabic digits and are typed separately: a digit, then *, then a 0 for each power of ten. A digit the table has no use for is passed through rather than swallowed, so a bare 0 typed into a spreadsheet stays a 0.
| Type | Gives |
|---|---|
| 1* | ፩ |
| 2* | ፪ |
| 3* | ፫ |
| 4* | ፬ |
| 5* | ፭ |
| 6* | ፮ |
| 7* | ፯ |
| 8* | ፰ |
| 9* | ፱ |
| 1*0 | ፲ |
| 2*0 | ፳ |
| 3*0 | ፴ |
| 4*0 | ፵ |
| 5*0 | ፶ |
| 6*0 | ፷ |
| 7*0 | ፸ |
| 8*0 | ፹ |
| 9*0 | ፺ |
| 1*00 | ፻ |
| 1*0000 | ፼ |
20 keys, read at build time from the keyboard’s own layout file.
Punctuation
The word separator ፡, the full stop ። and the rest. Several of these cycle: press the key again and it advances to the next mark rather than repeating the first.
| Type | Gives |
|---|---|
| ./ | ፠ |
| : | ፡ |
| . | ። |
| ,, | ፣ |
| ; | ፤ |
| , | ፥ |
| :- | ፦ |
| :. | ፧ |
| :: | ፨ |
9 keys, read at build time from the keyboard’s own layout file.
Every consonant, every order
The whole syllabary. Each row is one consonant series and each column one vowel order, with the keys underneath. This is the table to keep open in a second window for the first week; the column and the consonant both stay put as you scroll.
| Type | 1st— | 2nd+u | 3rd+i | 4th+a | 5th+y | 6th+e | 7th+o |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| h | ሀh | ሁhu | ሂhi | ሃha | ሄhy | ህhe | ሆho |
| l | ለl | ሉlu | ሊli | ላla | ሌly | ልle | ሎlo |
| H | ሐH | ሑHu | ሒHi | ሓHa | ሔHy | ሕHe | ሖHo |
| m | መm | ሙmu | ሚmi | ማma | ሜmy | ምme | ሞmo |
| J | ሠJ | ሡJu | ሢJi | ሣJa | ሤJy | ሥJe | ሦJo |
| r | ረr | ሩru | ሪri | ራra | ሬry | ርre | ሮro |
| s | ሰs | ሱsu | ሲsi | ሳsa | ሴsy | ስse | ሶso |
| S | ሸS | ሹSu | ሺSi | ሻSa | ሼSy | ሽSe | ሾSo |
| q | ቀq | ቁqu | ቂqi | ቃqa | ቄqy | ቅqe | ቆqo |
| Q | ቐQ | ቑQu | ቒQi | ቓQa | ቔQy | ቕQe | ቖQo |
| b | በb | ቡbu | ቢbi | ባba | ቤby | ብbe | ቦbo |
| v | ቨv | ቩvu | ቪvi | ቫva | ቬvy | ቭve | ቮvo |
| t | ተt | ቱtu | ቲti | ታta | ቴty | ትte | ቶto |
| c | ቸc | ቹcu | ቺci | ቻca | ቼcy | ችce | ቾco |
| L | ኀL | ኁLu | ኂLi | ኃLa | ኄLy | ኅLe | ኆLo |
| n | ነn | ኑnu | ኒni | ናna | ኔny | ንne | ኖno |
| N | ኘN | ኙNu | ኚNi | ኛNa | ኜNy | ኝNe | ኞNo |
| x | አx | ኡxu | ኢxi | ኣxa | ኤxy | እxe | ኦxo |
| k | ከk | ኩku | ኪki | ካka | ኬky | ክke | ኮko |
| K | ኸK | ኹKu | ኺKi | ኻKa | ኼKy | ኽKe | ኾKo |
| w | ወw | ዉwu | ዊwi | ዋwa | ዌwy | ውwe | ዎwo |
| X | ዐX | ዑXu | ዒXi | ዓXa | ዔXy | ዕXe | ዖXo |
| z | ዘz | ዙzu | ዚzi | ዛza | ዜzy | ዝze | ዞzo |
| Z | ዠZ | ዡZu | ዢZi | ዣZa | ዤZy | ዥZe | ዦZo |
| Y | የY | ዩYu | ዪYi | ያYa | ዬYy | ይYe | ዮYo |
| d | ደd | ዱdu | ዲdi | ዳda | ዴdy | ድde | ዶdo |
| D | ዸD | ዹDu | ዺDi | ዻDa | ዼDy | ዽDe | ዾDo |
| j | ጀj | ጁju | ጂji | ጃja | ጄjy | ጅje | ጆjo |
| g | ገg | ጉgu | ጊgi | ጋga | ጌgy | ግge | ጎgo |
| G | ጘG | ጙGu | ጚGi | ጛGa | ጜGy | ጝGe | ጞGo |
| T | ጠT | ጡTu | ጢTi | ጣTa | ጤTy | ጥTe | ጦTo |
| C | ጨC | ጩCu | ጪCi | ጫCa | ጬCy | ጭCe | ጮCo |
| P | ጰP | ጱPu | ጲPi | ጳPa | ጴPy | ጵPe | ጶPo |
| F | ጸF | ጹFu | ጺFi | ጻFa | ጼFy | ጽFe | ጾFo |
| V | ፀV | ፁVu | ፂVi | ፃVa | ፄVy | ፅVe | ፆVo |
| f | ፈf | ፉfu | ፊfi | ፋfa | ፌfy | ፍfe | ፎfo |
| p | ፐp | ፑpu | ፒpi | ፓpa | ፔpy | ፕpe | ፖpo |
37 series, 259 characters, read at build time from the keyboard’s own layout file.